All Keyboard Shortcuts of Windows

Windows  have lots of keyboard shortcuts which can be used to make our daily task much easier, interactive, and efficiently saves our time & effort. Keyboard shortcut is nothing but just combinations of two or more keys.


Windows Journal Keyboard Shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Ctrl+N	Start a new note
Ctrl+O	Open a recently used note
Ctrl+S	Save changes to a note
Ctrl+Shift+V	Move a note to a specific folder
Ctrl+P	Print a note
Alt+F4	Close a note and its Journal window
Ctrl+Z	Undo a change
Ctrl+Y	Redo a change
Ctrl+A	Select all items on a page
Ctrl+X	Cut a selection
Ctrl+C	Copy a selection to the Clipboard
Ctrl+V	Paste a selection from the Clipboard
Esc	Cancel a selection
Delete	Delete a selection
Ctrl+F	Start a basic find
Ctrl+G	Go to a page
F5	Refresh find results
F5	Refresh the note list
F6	Toggle between a note list and a note
Ctrl+Shift+C	Display a shortcut menu for column headings in a note list
F11	View a note in full-screen mode
F1	Open Journal Help

Remote Desktop Connection keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Alt+Page Up	Move between programs from left to right.
Alt+Page Down	Move between programs from right to left.
Alt+Insert	Cycle through programs in the order that they were started in.
Alt+Home	Display the Start menu.
Ctrl+Alt+Break	Switch between a window and full screen.
Ctrl+Alt+End	Display the Windows Security dialog box.
Alt+Delete	Display the system menu.
Ctrl+Alt+Minus Sign (-) on the numeric keypad	Place a copy of the active window, within the client, on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing Alt+PrtScn on a local computer).
Ctrl+Alt+Plus Sign (+) on the numeric keypad	Place a copy of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard (provides the same functionality as pressing PrtScn on a local computer).
Ctrl+Alt+Right Arrow	“Tab” out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.
Ctrl+Alt+Left Arrow	“Tab” out of the Remote Desktop controls to a control in the host program (for example, a button or a text box). Useful when the Remote Desktop controls are embedded in another (host) program.

Taskbar keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Shift+Click on a taskbar button	Open a program or quickly open another instance of a program
Ctrl+Shift+Click on a taskbar button	Open a program as an administrator
Shift+Right-click on a taskbar button	Show the window menu for the program
Shift+Right-click on a grouped taskbar button	Show the window menu for the group
Ctrl+Click on a grouped taskbar button	Cycle through the windows of the group

Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts
 

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Ctrl+N	Open a new window
Ctrl+W	Close the current window
Ctrl+Shift+N	Create a new folder
End	Display the bottom of the active window
Home	Display the top of the active window
F11	Maximize or minimize the active window
Ctrl+Period (.)	Rotate a picture clockwise
Ctrl+Comma (,)	Rotate a picture counter-clockwise
Num Lock+Asterisk (*) on numeric keypad	Display all subfolders under the selected folder
Num Lock+Plus Sign (+) on numeric keypad	Display the contents of the selected folder
Num Lock+Minus Sign (-) on numeric keypad	Collapse the selected folder
Left Arrow	Collapse the current selection (if it’s expanded), or select the parent folder
Alt+Enter	Open the Properties dialog box for the selected item
Alt+P	Display the preview pane
Alt+Left Arrow	View the previous folder
Backspace	View the previous folder
Right Arrow	Display the current selection (if it’s collapsed), or select the first subfolder
Alt+Right Arrow	View the next folder
Alt+Up Arrow	View the parent folder
Ctrl+Shift+E	Display all folders above the selected folder
Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel	Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons
Alt+D	Select the address bar
Ctrl+E	Select the search box
Ctrl+F	Select the search box

Windows logo key keyboard shortcuts:

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Windows logo key	Open or close the Start menu.
Windows logo key+Pause	Display the System Properties dialog box.
Windows logo key + D	Display the desktop.
Windows logo key + M	Minimize all windows.
Windows logo key + Shift+M	Restore minimized windows to the desktop.
Windows logo key + E	Open Computer.
Windows logo key + F	Search for a file or folder.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + F	Search for computers (if you’re on a network).
Windows logo key + L	Lock your computer or switch users.
Windows logo key + R	Open the Run dialog box.
Windows logo key + T	Cycle through programs on the taskbar.
Windows logo key + number	Start the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number. If the program is already running, switch to that program.
Shift+Windows logo key + number	Start a new instance of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + number	Switch to the last active window of the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Alt+Windows logo key + number	Open the Jump List for the program pinned to the taskbar in the position indicated by the number.
Windows logo key + Tab	Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + Tab	Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D.
Ctrl+Windows logo key + B	Switch to the program that displayed a message in the notification area.
Windows logo key + Spacebar	Preview the desktop.
Windows logo key + Up Arrow	Maximize the window.
Windows logo key + Left Arrow	Maximize the window to the left side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Right Arrow	Maximize the window to the right side of the screen.
Windows logo key + Down Arrow	Minimize the window.
Windows logo key + Home	Minimize all but the active window.
Windows logo key + Shift+Up Arrow	Stretch the window to the top and bottom of the screen.
Windows logo key + Shift+Left Arrow or Right Arrow	Move a window from one monitor to another.
Windows logo key + P	Choose a presentation display mode.
Windows logo key + G	Cycle through gadgets.
Windows logo key + U	Open Ease of Access Center.
Windows logo key + X	Open Windows Mobility Center.

 

General keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
F1	Display Help
Ctrl+C (or Ctrl+Insert)	Copy the selected item
Ctrl+X	Cut the selected item
Ctrl+V (or Shift+Insert)	Paste the selected item
Ctrl+Z	Undo an action
Ctrl+Y	Redo an action
Delete (or Ctrl+D)	Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin
Shift+Delete	Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first
F2	Rename the selected item
Ctrl+Right Arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word
Ctrl+Left Arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word
Ctrl+Down Arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph
Ctrl+Up Arrow	Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph
Ctrl+Shift with an arrow key	Select a block of text
Shift with any arrow key	Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document
Ctrl with any arrow key+Spacebar	Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop
Ctrl+A	Select all items in a document or window
F3	Search for a file or folder
Alt+Enter	Display properties for the selected item
Alt+F4	Close the active item, or exit the active program
Alt+Spacebar	Open the shortcut menu for the active window
Ctrl+F4	Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously)
Alt+Tab	Switch between open items
Ctrl+Alt+Tab	Use the arrow keys to switch between open items
Ctrl+Mouse scroll wheel	Change the size of icons on the desktop
Windows logo key +Tab	Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D
Ctrl+Windows logo key +Tab	Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Aero Flip 3-D
Alt+Esc	Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened
F6	Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop
F4	Display the address bar list in Windows Explorer
Shift+F10	Display the shortcut menu for the selected item
Ctrl+Esc	Open the Start menu
Alt+underlined letter	Display the corresponding menu
Alt+underlined letter	Perform the menu command (or other underlined command)
F10	Activate the menu bar in the active program
Right Arrow	Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu
Left Arrow	Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu
F5 (or Ctrl+R)	Refresh the active window
Alt+Up Arrow	View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer
Esc	Cancel the current task
Ctrl+Shift+Esc	Open Task Manager
Shift when you insert a CD	Prevent the CD from automatically playing
Left Alt+Shift	Switch the input language when multiple input languages are enabled
Ctrl+Shift	Switch the keyboard layout when multiple keyboard layouts are enabled
Right or Left Ctrl+Shift	Change the reading direction of text in right-to-left reading languages

 

Ease of Access keyboard shortcuts

Keyboard Shortcuts	Task Performed
Right Shift for eight seconds	Turn Filter Keys on and off
Left Alt+Left Shift+PrtScn (or PrtScn)	Turn High Contrast on or off
Left Alt+Left Shift+Num Lock	Turn Mouse Keys on or off
Shift five times	Turn Sticky Keys on or off
Num Lock for five seconds	Turn Toggle Keys on or off
Windows logo key +U	Open the Ease of Access Center

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Adding a Windows 8 Computer to a Domain

What Is a Domain?

A domain is a logical area that is created when administrators install a network operating system, such as Windows server 2008, and promote it as a domain controller. When a network operating system is promoted as a domain controller, it enables centralized management for all the client computers in the network that have been added to the domain.

Considerations before Adding a Computer to Domain

• The client computer must have a unique hostname in the network assigned to it.
• The client computer must have a static IP address assigned to it.
• The client computer must be provided with correct DNS address.

How to Add a Computer to Domain?

To add a Windows 8 computer to domain, steps below must be followed:

1. Use the credentials of local administrator account to log on to Windows 8 computer, that is to be added to the domain.
2. Click Desktop tile from the Start screen to go to the desktop.
3. Once on the desktop screen, click File Explorer icon from the taskbar.
4. On the Libraries window, right-click Computer icon from the left pane.
5. From the context menu that appears, click Properties.
6. On the System window, click Change settings option under Computer name, domain, and work settings section from the right pane.
   

   Click Change Settings
7. On the System Properties box, ensure that Computer Name tab is selected.
8. Once the tab is selected, click Change button.
   

   Click Change
9. On the Computer Name/Domain Changes box, click to select Domain radio button under Member of section.
10. In the enabled field, specify the fully qualified domain name (FQDN) of the domain to which the computer is to be added.
    

    Specify Domain Name
11. On the Windows Security box, provide the name and password of the domain administrator or domain user account in the respective fields.
    

    Specify Domain Admin Credentials
12. Once done, click OK button.
13. On the displayed welcome message box, click OK.
14. Click OK on the next displayed box.
15. Back on System Properties box, click Close when done.
16. On Microsoft Windows box, click Restart Now button to restart the Windows 8 computer automatically in order to allow the changes to take effect.

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Configuring DNS Server for Secure Only Dynamic Updates

About Dynamic Updates

During the installation of Active Directory Domain Services on Windows Server 2008 R2, the installation process automatically installs the DNS server on the computer, in case it does not already exist in the network. After the successful installation of Active Directory Domain Services, the DNS server is by default configured to automatically update the records of only the domain client computers as soon as it receives the registration request from them. This automatic update of DNS records in the DNS database is technically known as ‘Dynamic Updates’.

Types of DNS Updates

Dynamic updates that DNS server in Windows Server 2008 R2 supports include:

• Nonsecure and Secure – When this type of dynamic update is selected, any computer can send registration request to the DNS server. The DNS server in return automatically adds the record of the requesting computer in the DNS database, even if the computer does not belong to the same DNS domain. Although this configuration remarkably reduces administrative overhead, this setting is not recommended for the organizations that have highly sensitive information available in the computers.
• Secure only – When this type of dynamic update is selected, only the computers that are members of the DNS domain can register themselves with the DNS server. The DNS server automatically rejects the requests from the computers that do not belong to the domain. This protects the DNS server from getting automatically populated with records of unwanted, suspicious and/or fake computers.
• None – When this option is selected, the DNS server does not accept any registration request from any computers whatsoever. In such cases, DNS administrators must manually add the IP addresses and the Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDNs) of the client computers to the DNS database.

In most production environments, systems administrators configure Secure Only dynamic updates for DNS. This remarkably reduces the security risks by allowing only the authentic domain client computers to register themselves with the DNS server automatically, and decreases the administrative overhead at the same time.
However in some scenarios, administrators choose to have non-Active Directory integrated zone to stay compliant with the policies of the organization. This configuration is not at all recommended because it does not allow administrators to configure DNS server for Secure only updates, and it does not allow the DNS database to get replicated automatically to the other DNS servers along with the Active Directory replication process. When DNS zone is not Active Directory integrated, DNS database replication process must be performed manually by the administrators.

Configure Secure Only Dynamic Updates in Windows Server 2008 R2 DNS Server

To configure Secure Only dynamic DNS updates in Windows Server 2008 R2, administrators must follow the steps given as below:

1. Log on to Windows Server 2008 R2 DNS server computer with the domain admin or enterprise admin account on which ‘Secure only’ dynamic updates are to be configured.
2. On the desktop screen, click Start.
3. From the Start menu, go to Administrator Tools > DNS.
4. On DNS Manager snap-in, from the console tree in the left, double-click to expand the DNS server name.
5. From the expanded list, double-click Forward Lookup Zones.
6. From the displayed zones list, right-click the DNS zone on which secure only dynamic updates are to be configured.
7. From the displayed context menu, click Properties.
   

   Click Properties
8. On the zone’s properties box, make sure that the General tab is selected.
9. On the selected tab, choose Secure only option from the Dynamic updates drop-down list.
   Note: Secure only option is available only if the DNS zone is Active Directory integrated.
   
   

   Secure Only Dynamic Update

10. Click OK to apply the modified changes.
11. Close DNS Manager snap-in when done.

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Adding Host (A) DNS Records in Windows Server 2008 R2

About DNS Records

Since DNS server plays an important role when it comes to keeping the network up and accessible, it becomes important for the administrators to keep a close eye on the DNS records, and verify their validity on a regular basis. DNS records are the entries of the computer names along with their corresponding IP addresses in the DNS server database. Although there can be several DNS record types that a DNS server database can have, some of the most commonly used and important DNS records include:

• Host (A) – Host (A) records are the names of the computers along with their corresponding IPv4 IP addresses that are registered with the DNS server.
• Host (AAAA) – Host (AAAA) records are the names of the computers along with their corresponding IPv6 IP addresses that are registered with the DNS server.
• MX – MX are the Mail Exchanger records that are added to the DNS server when Microsoft Exchange Server is deployed in the network.
• CNAME – CNAME a.k.a. Canonical Name is an alias name that administrators create in the DNS server to specify a more user-friendly name of any computer that has a complex name. For example, if a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) of a file server in the network is ‘fs01-dom01-comp05.mydomain.com’, administrators can create ‘fileserver.mydomain.com’ as a CNAME (alias name) for that fileserver.

Importance of Adding DNS Records Manually

While working in production environment, where the computers connected in the network contain highly sensitive and classified information, administrators must consider the security of the network at the topmost priority. Although any such network infrastructure is already protected by strong firewalls and highly efficient anti-virus applications, most administrators still add an additional layer of security to the network by disabling DNS dynamic updates. When DNS dynamic updates are disabled, no computer from within the network or from outside can automatically register itself with the DNS server, thus preventing the server from adding fake and unwanted DNS records automatically.
Although the above discussed DNS configuration increases the network security, it also increases the administrative overhead because administrators are then required to add the DNS records of authentic computers in the network manually. Experienced administrators can also use batch files to automate the process of adding multiple DNS records just by a single click.

Add Host (A) DNS Records Manually

To add Host (A) DNS records manually to the DNS database, administrators must follow the steps given as below:

1. Log on to Windows server 2008 R2 DNS server computer with domain admin or enterprise admin credentials.
2. From the desktop screen, click Start.
3. From the Start menu, go to Administrative Tools > DNS.
4. On DNS Manager snap-in, from the console tree in the left pane, double-click to expand the DNS server name.
5. From the expanded list, double-click Forward Lookup Zones.
6. From the displayed zones list, click to select the DNS zone for which Host (A) DNS record is to be added.
7. Once selected, right-click the DNS zone.
8. From the displayed context menu, click New Host (A or AAAA).
   

   Click New Host
9. On New Host box, type in the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) along with the IP address of the target host computer in the Name (uses parent domain name if blank) and IP address fields respectively.
10. Once done, click Add Host. Optionally, Create associated pointer (PTR) record checkbox can also be checked to automatically generate a PTR entry of the target computer in the Reverse Lookup Zones before clicking Add Hostbutton.
    

    Add a Host
11. On the displayed message box, click OK.
12. Back on the New Host box, click Done.
13. Close DNS Manager snap-in when done.

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Installing Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2

About Windows Server 2008 R2

Windows Server 2008 R2 is a network operating system Microsoft, and can be deployed in medium to large scale industries in order to allow administrators to centrally manage the entire network setup right from a single location. The main difference between a client operating system, such as Microsoft Windows 8, Microsoft Windows 7, etc. and a network operating system such as Microsoft Windows Server 2008 RTM/R2, Windows Server 2003 and Windows 2000 Server is that the network operating system (NOS) has some additional server specific features integrated in it. These additional features include:

• Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS)
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
• Domain Name System (DNS)
• Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS)
• Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS)
• Distributed File System (DFS), etc
  Although Windows Server 2008 R2 is a network operating system, it is initially installed just as a normal client operating system, i.e. without any additional server oriented services or features installed in it. In order to make the installed network operating system work as a typical server, systems administrators must install the server services and/or features according to the role that they want the computer to play in the network.
  

  System Requirements

  Before installing Windows Server 2008 R2, the computer must meet the following minimum system requirements
  
• 1.4 GHz x86/x64 or Itanium 2 processor
• 512 MB RAM (2 GB recommended)
• Super VGA or higher display
• 32 GB disk space (10 GB for Foundation Edition)
• DVD drive
• Keyboard and pointing device

Install Windows Server 2008 R2

Once the above discussed minimum system requirements are met, administrators must follow the steps given below to install Windows Server 2008 R2:

1. Power on the computer on which Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 is to be installed.
2. Enter into the BIOS setup to make the computer boot from DVD.
3. Insert Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 bootable installation media.
4. Once inserted, reboot the computer.
5. On the Install Windows screen, click Next.
5. 
   

   Install Windows
6. On the next page, click Install now.
7. On Select the Operating System you want to install page, from the displayed Windows Server 2008 R2 editions, select the appropriate edition that is to be installed.
   
   

   Select Appropriate Edition
8. On the next page, type the 25-character product key and click Next.
9. On Please read the License terms page, check I accept the license terms checkbox and click Next.
10. On Which type of installation do you want page, click Custom (advanced).
    
    

    Click Custom (Advance)
11. On Where do you want to install Windows page, ensure that the hard disk drive on which Windows Server 2008 R2 is to be installed is selected.
12. Once selected, click Drive options (advanced).
    
    

    Click Drive Options
13. From the enabled options, click New to create a new disk drive partition.
14. On the Size field, specify the size of the new volume in MB.
    
    

    Specify Volume Size
15. On the displayed Install Windows message box, click OK.
16. Back on the same page, click to select the hard disk drive partition (E. g. Disk 0 Partition 2, in this demonstration) where Windows Server 2008 R2 is to be installed and click Next.
    
    

    Select Disk Partition
17. On the Installing Windowspage, wait till the Windows Server 2008 R2 installed and the computer get restarted.
    
    

    Installing Windows

Note: Do not press any key if the screen displays the message, ‘Press any key to boot from CD or DVD’ while computer restarts for the first time, to resume the installation process.

18. After second restart, on the displayed screen, click OK to change the user password before logging on for the first time.
19. On the available fields, type and retype the new password and press Enter.
    
    

    Change Password
20. On the next confirmation screen, click OK to log on to the Windows Server 2008 R2 computer.

 

 

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IP Address

      

1. Short for Internet Protocol, IP is an address of a computer or other network device on a network using IP or TCP/IP. For example, the number "166.70.10.23" is an example of such an address. These addresses are similar to an addresses used on a house and is what allows data to reach the appropriate destination on a network and the Internet.
There are five classes of available IP ranges: Class A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E, while only A, B, and C are commonly used. Each class allows for a range of valid IP addresses. Below is a listing of these addresses.

Class	Address Range	Supports
Class A	1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254	Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks.
Class B	128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254	Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks.
Class C	192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254	Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks.
Class D	224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255	Reserved for multicast groups.
Class E	240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254	Reserved for future use, or Research and Development Purposes.

Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost, for example, 127.0.0.1 is the common loopback address. Range 255.255.255.255 broadcasts to all hosts on the local network.

IP address breakdown

Every IP address is broke down into four sets of octets that break down into binary to represent the actual IP address. The below table is an example of the IP 255.255.255.255. If you are new to binary, we highly recommend reading our binary and hexadecimal conversions section to get a better understanding of what we're doing in the below charts.

IP:	255	255	255	255
Binary value:	11111111	11111111	11111111	11111111
Octet value:	8	8	8	8

If we were to break down the IP "166.70.10.23", you would get the below value. In the below table, the first row is the IP address, the second row is the binary values, and the third row shows how the binary value equals the section of the IP address.

166	70	10	23
10100110	01000110	00001010	00010111
128+32+4+2=166	64+4+2=70	8+2=10	16+4+2+1=23

Automatically assigned addresses

There are several IP addresses that are automatically assigned when you setup a home network. These default addresses are what allow your computer and other network devices to communicate and broadcast information over your network. Below is the most commonly assigned network addresses in a home network.

192.168.1.0	0 is the automatically assigned network address.
192.168.1.1	1 is the commonly used address used as the gateway.
192.168.1.2	2 is also a commonly used address used for a gateway.
192.168.1.3 - 254	Addresses beyond 3 are assigned to computers and devices on the network.
192.168.1.255	255 is automatically assigned on most networks as the broadcast address.

If you have ever connected to your home network, you should be familiar with the gateway address or 192.168.1.1, which is the address you use to connect to your home network router and change its settings.

Getting an IP address

By default the router you use will assign each of your computers their own IP address, often using NAT to forward the data coming from those computers to outside networks such as the Internet. If you need to register an IP address that can be seen on the Internet, you must register through InterNIC or use a web host that can assign you addresses.

Anyone who connects to the Internet is assigned an IP address by their Internet Service Provider (ISP) who has registered a range of IP addresses. For example, lets assume your ISP is given 100 addresses, 109.145.93.150-250. This means the ISP owns addresses 109.145.93.150 to 109.145.93.250 and is able to assign any address in that range to its customers. So, all these addresses belong to your ISP address until they are assigned to a customers computer. In the case of a dial-up connection, you are given a new IP address each time you dial into your ISP. With most broadband Internet service providers because you are always connected to the Internet your address rarely changes and will remain the same until the service provider requires it to be changed.

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Windows Server 2008 R2 Update Issues and Role Errors

Windows Server 2008 R2 Update Issues and Role Errors

For sometime now we have been finding that some of our Windows Server 2008 R2 servers were not installing Windows Updates.

Some servers would not even find any updates, and others would simply get to the "Downloading..." screen and never progress any further. In addition we would also get an annoying problem in Server Manager; where the Roles and features are usually displayed, the window would be blank with a message that simply said "Error."

After alot of research from various sources on the Internet, we have found this to be caused by a combination of a corrupt Trusted Installer and corrupt or missing Windows Update Files.

Althrough time comsuming, we have found the following solution:

First of all navigate to C:\windows\servicing on the server with the problem. In here you will find the "Trusted Installer package files. It consists of four files:

TrustedInstaller.exe
CbsApi.dll
CbsMsg.dll
wrpintapi.dll

These need to be deleted and replaced from a known working server.

Before you can do this you will need to stop and disable the "Windows Modules Installer" service and the "Windows Update" service.

Copying these files over should replace the corrupt Trusted Installer.

Keep these services in this state until after the next step.

Open the properties of C:\windows\servicing\Packages and take ownership of it. Note: NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller is the current owner and MUST be replaced afterwards.

Delete the contents of this folder.

Now replace with the contents of C:\windows\servicing\Packages from a known working, up to date Windows Server 2008 R2 box. I found I had to copy from several servers to ensure I had all of the packages.

Change the owner of C:\windows\servicing\Packages back to NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller. Remember this is a local account on the Server, not the domain.

Re-enable the "Windows Modules Installer" service and the "Windows Update" service and reboot the server.

You will know if the fix has been successful as Server Manager will load correctly displaying the Server Roles.

Now run Windows updates.

If the problom persists it is possible you are still missing a Windows Update file in the C:\windows\servicing\Packages folder.

You can either go through the process again with packages from another server or run: Windows6.1-KB947821-v10-x64 from Microsoft.

This will install the System Update Readiness Tool and run a check on your packages. A log file "c:\windows\logs\CBS\CheckSUR.log" will be created to tell you which packages are missing. Then you can simply copy them from another server or download the update from Microsoft and extract the files you need using the "KBArticleNumber /X:C:\ExtractedPackage" command.

As I said before this can be time consuming, the server may require several reboots and you need to keep running Windows Updates until your server is patched and up to date.

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